Like, you don't try to get a paper retracted unless there's evidence of fraud or plagiarism or something like that. Snickers commercial PBS Frontline special League of Denial . NARRATOR: Brain trauma became an obsession. NARRATOR: But away from the glamorized hits, there was a darker side. NARRATOR: Back in the lab, McKee had seen another surprising case. I'm sure he would. Dr. BENNET OMALU: When I saw Terry Long's case, I became more convinced that this was not just an anomaly, a statistical anomaly. ROBERT STERN, Ph.D., Neuropsychologist, Boston University: Those initial studies from the NFL were notorious in telling the world over and over and over again, "No, there's no relationship between hitting your head in football and later life problems. Stubblefield was there first. MARK FAINARU-WADA: The NFL very directly worked not only to get the brain to NIH, but in this case, to keep it away from Omalu's group or McKee's group by speaking badly about them. Dr. IRA CASSON: In my opinion, the only scientifically valid evidence of a chronic encephalopathy in athletes is in boxers and in some steeplechase jockeys. The thing you want your kids to do most of all is succeed in life and be everything they can be. MEGAN NODERER: Oh, my God! He was he actually he broke down in tears in front of me a couple of times because he couldn't get his thoughts together and he couldn't keep them in order. ROGER GOODELL: [CBS "This Morning," September 4, 2013] There was no admission of guilt. He's truly a legend, and he will be with us forever. NARRATOR: Former Steelers team doctor and neurosurgeon Julian Bailes had become a true believer in CTE and Omalu. NARRATOR: From the beginning, the league's board was skeptical, reluctant to give Webster money. She had found CTE in 19 of them. MARK FAINARU-WADA: And that was a dramatic admission back in 2000. MARK FAINARU-WADA: Though the league previously, through Greg Aiello, acknowledged a link, there's no more acknowledging a link exists. NARRATOR: And it was Omalu who actually removed Seau's brain. And the league's concussion people are there. NEWSCASTER: The National Football League says it will encourage current and former players to donate their brains, NARRATOR: As the story of the deal broke, NEWSCASTER: The NFL is donating $1 million towards the study. Bennet Omalu - Medical Examiner: Bennett, do you know the implications of what you're doing? TYLER SEAU: People started saying things about Omalu, kind of telling me the kind of character that he has. And I think the NFL has given everybody 765 million reasons why you don't want to play football. And with that head, he'd pop you. We don't know the cause and effect. I don't know." nintendo account nickname change; winco lentil rice blend recipe; delanco dmv road test route; advantages and disadvantages of budding reproduction NARRATOR: The final diagnosis in Seau's case was national news. NARRATOR: He would take on the task of finding brains of former football players for Dr. McKee. ANNOUNCER: Look at this. JULIAN BAILES, M.D., Team Physician, Steelers, 1988-97: Well, Mike Webster exemplified what it was like to be a player in the Steel City and a player in that era that for me was the greatest team of all time. pbs frontline special league of denial apa citation. And the pathologist who's on call that day is this guy, Bennet Omalu. NARRATOR: For Chris Harvard, the performance often ended with a blow to the head. And Webster felt he'd never received the acknowledgment that his years in the NFL had caused his problems. ", [www: Timeline: NFL's changing positions]. I have to stun him, get my hands on him, throw him off when I see where the ball is going. No, there's no relationship. He was chief operating officer when the league's scientific committee sent those controversial papers to the journal Neurosurgery. It's only for players. Home Video DVDs ofLeague of Denial: The NFL's Concussion Crisisare available from ShopPBS. Mike Wiser, REPORTED BY CHRIS NOWINSKI, Co-Director, BU CTE Center: I remember at one point, one of the NFL doctors asking, you know, "Couldn't you be misdiagnosing this? But in those articles, the league had issued its definitive denials. NARRATOR: Indianapolis Colt team physician Dr. Henry Feuer was one of the NFL doctors the meeting. But the NFL is under assault as thousands of former players claim the league has covered up footballs connection to long-term brain injuries. We just have to be careful not to say that this causes that and be able to connect those dots without having more prospective analysis. January 28, LEIGH STEINBERG: I went to visit Troy, who was sitting in a darkened hospital room all alone. HARRY CARSON, Author, Captain For Life: These players come down with dementia. It was a scientific first. You know, he knows that the NFL has not only been denying this for years, that they've never come close to uttering anything even remotely close to this. NARRATOR: The league would not have to answer those tough questions about what they knew and when they knew it. Assign these letters according to which title comes first alphabetically. PAM WEBSTER: We didn't understand what was happening. NEWSCASTER: and violent, off-the-field incidents. JEANNE MARIE LASKAS, GQ, "Game Brain": He ran the same test, same stains, found the same splotches, CTE in his brain, too. Web Site Copyright 1995-2023 WGBH Educational Foundation. He's clearly distressed by what he's hearing. bernie casey wife paula casey. I mean, we battled in there, and this is what this is the result of it right here, sitting right here looking at you. ALAN SCHWARZ: While we were talking, he said "It's clear that there are long-term consequences to concussions in NFL players." ROGER GOODELL: that we've reached an agreement here that resolves these issues, and we'll move forward from there. He telephoned Seau's son, Tyler, to get consent to take his father's brain. And I remember, he was a little I don't what's the adjective? ANN McKEE, M.D., Neuropathologist, BU CTE Center: A CBS reporter wanted to know what I thought of the gift of a million dollars. Create your citations, reference lists and bibliographies automatically using the APA, MLA, Chicago, or Harvard referencing styles. Jim Gilmore. NARRATOR: Dr. Casson declined to be interviewed by FRONTLINE. And this is what jumped out at him as he looked at it through the microscope. The league makes it very clear they're not admitting any guilt, that there's no acknowledgement of any causation between football and the possibility of long-term brain damage. The way the Steelers played the game meshed perfectly with the people. ALAN SCHWARZ: At the bottom of page 32, there it was, "dementia." 2015. PLAYER: Set the tone! I thought that she presented herself, as I recall it's been several years that there was something something in her manner. Dr. ROBERT CANTU: With what we know about the youth brain compared with the adult brain, that it's more easily disrupted than the adult brain the youth brain is lighter in weight, so it has less inertia to put it in motion, so you tap a youth head, and his brain moves much quicker than an adult brain that's heavier and therefore has more inertia. LEIGH STEINBERG: I watched athletes I represented play with collapsed lungs. I saw changes that shouldn't be in a 50-year-old man's brains, and also changes that shouldn't be in a brain that looked normal. NARRATOR: Then there was the matter of Webster's forehead. The people here are tough, tough-minded. COLIN WEBSTER, Son: You know, he was supergluing his teeth back into his head, and he actually made that work. I mean, you know, that would be extraordinary with any other disease, to be able to pull in that many cases just that were suspected. STEVE FAINARU: Schwarz stops. . MARK FAINARU-WADA: There's no admission whatsoever of guilt by the league. He's the one that made the decision to publish papers, no matter whether the reviewers felt they should be published or not, no matter whether the section editor felt they should be published or not. Jeff Seamon on it. PBS Frontline special League of Denial The document found at this address: (2013).pdf The episode of Friends titled: The One After Joey and Rachel Kiss The 6 th edition of the APA Manual Russell, D.O (Director) Gordon, J. It was happening to every player in every collision sport. These are questions, not statements of fact. STEVE FAINARU: At that point, there's nothing else to do except leave. Pain and injury were his specialty. They didn't want to admit to themselves or anybody else that our beloved sport, probably our most popular sport, could end up with brain damage. ANNOUNCER: Third down and 9, Young throws, and that's incomplete, and down! And people always say the brain is the last frontier. And that was the big discovery, I think. NEWSCASTER: Junior Seau was arrested for domestic violence in Oceanside California early on Monday, NEWSCASTER: Seau accused of hitting his 25-year-old girlfriend, NEWSCASTER: Junior Seau drove his SUV right off a cliff in California, NEWSCASTER: The former pro football star has apparently fallen on hard times. NFL NARRATOR: When you talk about big-hitting safeties, the Eagles Donnie Dawkins always emerges. MARK FAINARU-WADA: _Monday Night Football_ it's not just for football fans. Nobody knows that at this point in time. You know, there are other issues that we've got to look at. Each annotation must be 100-150 words in length and include the following elements: a paraphrased summary of the article (refer to the note on paraphrasing below), pbs frontline special league of denial apa citationdeny the witch 9th edition rulesdeny the witch 9th edition rules Dr. ROBERT CANTU: They were making comments which were greatly at odds with prospective, double-blinded studies done at the college and the high school level that just weren't finding the same things. NARRATOR: The Monday night games were always among the highest rated television broadcasts. The How to cite "League of denial" by Fainaru-Wada and Fainaru APA citation. Dr. ANN McKEE: We have an enormously high hit rate. (2013 . He looked he looked worn out. Answered over 90d ago. And I feel strongly about that, too. How many NFL players are suffering concussions every season? PETER KEATING: The threat to the NFL from this litigation was existential. JANE LEAVY: The attitude is so careful about that this is a person that's being delivered into their care. It was pretty obvious, actually, the first interview that he had some type of cognitive impairment. What prompted the U.S. Department of Justice to investigate over 150 unsolved civil rights era killings? ANN McKEE, M.D., Neuropathologist, BU CTE Center: We take it out, we weigh it, we photograph it, all the external surfaces. JANE LEAVY, Author, The Woman Who Would Save Football: I don't think anyone else but the wives, sisters, mothers, daughters, and Ann McKee, could have forced this issue into American consciousness. Yes, you're the guy with all the research, you're the guy who's published the papers, you're the guy who's got the brains. NARRATOR: For Webster and others on the field, physical injuries went with the territory. . Maybe there should be better evidence by now. NARRATOR: the NFL'S spokesman, Greg Aiello, received a call from reporter Alan Schwarz. And let's see Minnesota has it! NEWSCASTER: Terry Long committed suicide by drinking anti-freeze. The drive is used a lot of times. He offered to present Omalu's work to the group. Number 55 was a hard-hitting linebacker. I could answer this real easy at other times, but right now, I'm just tired. NARRATOR: For years, Pellman's committee would insist they were studying the problem, that the danger from concussions was overblown. I looked. And then to be down to a place of poverty, a place where, you know, your brain can't function to finish a sentence without some help from Ritalin or whatever you need to function for a short period of time. Is there any evidence, as far as you're concerned, that links multiple head injuries among pro football players with depression? CORRESPONDENT: Ira Casson leads a team of NFL doctors who did a study of several hundred active players and reported that the concern over head injuries is overblown. MARK FAINARU-WADA: They were saying, "Football caused this. LEIGH STEINBERG: The damage was occurring every week. I mean, it was a loud just, "No, not you. NARRATOR: For Steinberg, there was a growing recognition of just how dangerous the sport was. What? And I said, "My God, of course. ALAN SCHWARTZ, The New York Times: It appears as if it ties it up quite nicely. CHRIS NOWINSKI: And I said, "There's something really wrong with me." The meek will never inherit this turf because every play is hand-to-hand and body-to-body combat! And we take those issues very seriously. He was the right person to do it. NEWSCASTER: Terry Long killed himself by drinking anti-freeze. BOB SCHIEFFER, CBS News Face the Nation: [February 3, 2013] I'm going to ask you this question because some widows of some NFL players have asked me to ask you. He took on this battle for the right reasons. Then a third time, he interrupted me, and I turned to him and I said, "OK, why don't you tell me what implications are?" NARRATOR: And Dr. Omalu received his brain. It was a hard message, a difficult message, a bad message, but it appeared to be true. And then, all of a sudden, I wouldn't hear from him. I don't follow football, so I said, "Who is Junior Seau?" NARRATOR: What Omalu could not see was that hidden inside Webster's brain was evidence of a chronic disease. NARRATOR: Nowinski's press conference was no match for the show the NFL was putting on across town. How are teams handling their injuries? And the answer was, and I'm virtually quoting, "Research has not shown that there are any long-term consequences to concussions in NFL players as long as each injury is treated properly. And he said, "What's going on?" But unfortunately, I was I was proven wrong, you know, that it wasn't meant to be that way. BOB FITZSIMMONS: The NFL acknowledges that repetitive trauma to the head in football, football can cause a permanent disabling injury to the brain. The minute you put your pads on, you're only one play away from getting seriously injured. What time is it? February 24, 2023 . I was really scared. How do you eliminate them with and have the game still be football? Dr. HENRY FEUER: She was seeing only those that were in trouble, and we know that there are thousands roaming around that are not having problems. And the dirtier and muddier it got made things better. How safe is it for children to play football? We don't know the incidence. Dr. BENNET OMALU: Because after I looked at it over and over and over and over, I was convinced this was something. Stand by all cameras. And I went through the same sequence of answers again. STEVE FAINARU, FRONTLINE/ESPN: And so you had this behind the scenes, you know, this dynamic going on where you had a guy, Elliot Pellman, who very clearly believed that this wasn't a problem, it just wasn't a big problem for the NFL. This was not something that I made up. NARRATOR: And for the BU advocate Chris Nowinski, it was a danger the NFL helped to create. he even bragged about it once on an NFL film. His brain became the most sought-after ever. If they went back into the same contest with a concussion, it didn't matter. MARK LOVELL, Ph.D., Neuropsychologist: I look back on some of the papers, yeah, I think I could have done it differently. HARRY CARSON: And so I have to meet force with force. They said, "Oh, he just died. MARK LOVELL, Ph.D., Neuropsychologist: There's been a sense of fear that's been put into parents that "Maybe I shouldn't let my kids play sports." I want to know, what are you doing now? The National Football League, a multibillion-dollar commercial juggernaut, presides over America's indisputable national pastime. League of Denial: The NFL's Concussion Crisis. Steve Young apparently knocked cold, knocked out cold, walks off the field. You know, as much as wrestling is performance, there's a very, very small margin of error. MARK FAINARU-WADA: And one of the first things McKee notices is that there's only one other woman in the room, and it's not a doctor, it's a lawyer. ANNOUNCER: Let's give him a big round of applause! FRED SMERLAS, Buffalo Bills, 1979-89: Well, Webby would hit you with his head first. When he arrives at the medical examiner's office, he's telling people that he has the verbal consent from Tyler Seau to harvest the brain. It said, you know, "If I get a concussion, am I further at risk for long-term problems?" They will squash you. NARRATOR: There were several herniated discs, a broken vertebra, torn rotator cuff and separated shoulder. The stakes for the NFL are obvious. Season 2013: Episode 2. There must be really important variables, genetics, things about the type of exposure to brain trauma people get. NARRATOR: He'd lost millions of dollars gambling. MEGAN NODERER: I can't tell, ma'am. NARRATOR: Dr. McKee has now examined the brains of 46 former NFL players. During this whole run of research that's being published, the day of reckoning, where the league has to answer to somebody about what it's doing about concussions, just keeps getting pushed off and pushed off and pushed off. NARRATOR: Now Goodell was fully in charge of the league's handling of the concussion crisis. The National Football League, a multibillion-dollar commercial juggernaut, presides over Americas indisputable national pastime. And he said, "Well, why am I here?" "This is just not the right thing to happen.". NARRATOR: He had used his body and his head for 20 years in the NFL. . There's nobody in America who doesn't know what that means. ELEANOR PERFETTO, Wife of Ralph Wenzel: As the disease progressed, he went from being ill but fairly functional to getting to the point where he could no longer, you know, dress or feed himself. December 15, NEWSCASTER: The right-hand man to Tagliabue is running the show. NEWSCASTER: The issue is head injuries among players, and if those injuries can lead. I had no idea that she was a super football fan. You know, that changes the game to me. Dr. ANN McKEE: I think, to be truthful, even a selection bias in an autopsy sample, even if the family of an individual who's affected is much more likely to donate their brain than a person who had no symptoms whatsoever given that, we have still been just ridiculously successful in getting examples of this disease. He's a rheumatologist. NARRATOR: The NFL committee published 16 papers. "Did what does that and so what's that mean?" NEWSCASTER: Congress is looking into the long-term impact of concussions. He wasn't the same person. MARK FAINARU-WADA: And that raises all sorts of questions for guys who are playing in the league, guys who played in the league, moms, kids, all of us who love football. Dr. BENNET OMALU: Mike looked older than his age. NARRATOR: It was the first hard evidence that playing football could cause permanent brain damage. New York published from McGraw Hill Companies. NARRATOR: In the early 1990s, Steinberg represented one of football's top stars, Dallas quarterback Troy Aikman. December 15, January 20, and August 29, 2017 He's, like, "What are you talking about? Dr. MICKEY COLLINS, Univ. And then he'd lift his shoulders. We don't know that right now. special counsel Gianna DeGiulio . And it just floored me. NARRATOR: The inspiration for the movie sports agent Jerry Maguire, Steinberg was a powerhouse alongside the new NFL. NARRATOR: For Dr. McKee and others, it raised the obvious question. And I knew that I wasn't the only person, but I was a person in a position to make a difference. NARRATOR: The commissioner arrived like a celebrity, the star attraction at the hearing and the focus of all the cameras. HANK WILLIAMS, Jr.: [ABC "Monday Night Football," 1996] [singing] Are you ready for some football, a Monday night invasion. But the little mini-concussions are just as dangerous because you might be sustaining six to ten, maybe a dozen of these hits during the course of a game. STEVE FAINARU: Here's a guy who's spent more than half of his life in the NFL, and more than anyone should be acutely aware of the sort of dangers that are lurking in this problem. NARRATOR: Then in New York, a change in the NFL's top leadership. Dr. JULIAN BAILES: I was not the bearer of good news, probably, in many people's minds. I mean, he had florid disease. He had a heart his heart, you know, was getting enlarged. PAM WEBSTER: I think he was embarrassed. LISA McHALE: Eight months ago, I lost my best friend, my college sweetheart and my husband of 18 years. FRONTLINE Executive Producer Raney Aronson-Rath sits down with series filmmakers for probing conversations about the investigative journalism that drives each FRONTLINE documentary and the stories that shape our time. I mean, it was great it was very "Deep Throat" by somebody who shall remain nameless. of Pittsburgh Medical Ctr. PETER KEATING: They went after him with missiles I mean, like a nuclear missile strike on a guy's reputation. STEVE FAINARU: Webster's forehead was essentially fixed to its scalp. PETER KEATING: The threat was that the doctors and trainers, neuropsychologists, maybe owners, maybe commissioners and ex-commissioners, were going to have to testify under oath as to what they knew and when. longan tree california PAM WEBSTER: Mike would call this his greatest battle. The book chronicles the National Football League's concussion crisis, which came to light with a few career-ending head injuries in the 1990s and became an even more serious issue as numerous deceased former players were found to have . The number is relatively small. The league actually never got around to looking at it in any kind of valid way. Dr. ROBERT CANTU: You have an 18-year-old with chronic traumatic encephalopathy. NARRATOR: But now the league might face huge lawsuits and a tarnished image if Dr. McKee's findings about CTE held up. 911 OPERATOR: Where did he shoot himself? And he said, "Did we win?" I'll bring them to you. MARK FAINARU-WADA: The last thing the league wanted to be dealing with in that moment was the analogy to big tobacco. And if we have to defend this suit, as Paul was alluding to, we will do that and be able to make those factual allegations. 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